{"plant":{"id":"502091","name":"Calotropis procera","family":"Apocynaceae","authors":"(Aiton) W.T.Aiton","origin":"محلي","endemic":"لا؛ نطاق Kew الأصلي يشمل خارج المملكة","crop":"غير مقيّم","ornamental":"نعم؛ مدرج للزينة والتنسيق في دليل الرياض","invasive":"محلي متمدد بحسب المصدر؛ ليس غازيًا دخيلًا","risk":"غير مقيّم","toxicity":"مدرج ضمن النباتات السامة؛ الجزء والجرعة ومقدار الخطر غير مقيّمة","occurrence":"توزيع السعودية في WCVP v16 | فهرس مصور؛ مطابقة اسمية | قائمة فلورا السعودية الإلكترونية | تسجيل في قائمة النباتات الغازية | قائمة النباتات السامة في السعودية","occurrenceRefs":"https://doi.org/10.34885/egs6-cp24 | CONTENTS 2.pdf؛ صفحة PDF 2 | https://plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/flora-checklist-2/ | https://plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/invasive-species/ | https://plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info/poisonous-plants/","synonyms":"Calotropis procera | Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.f. | Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae","taxonomyNote":"دليل الفهرس لا يغني عن مراجعة وصف النوع والعينة؛ راجع ورقة مطابقة الفهرسين.","powo":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1004515-2","barcodeStudy":true,"barcodeRecord":true,"barcode":true,"plastome":true,"plastomePublished":false,"saudiBarcode":false,"saudiPlastome":false,"markers":"rbcL | rbcl | matK","barcodeCount":3,"plastomeCount":3,"evidence":[{"name":"Calotropis procera","kind":"barcode","level":"سجل GenBank؛ النشر غير مثبت من المرجع المراجع","original":"Calotropis procera","markers":"rbcL","accessions":"MN555809.1","country":"Antigua and Barbuda","saudi":"غير مؤكد؛ راجع المصدر","publication":"","reference":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN555809.1","note":"السجل الممثل واحد من 3 سجلًا؛ أعداد السجلات قد تشمل RefSeq والإيداع الأصلي لنفس التسلسل. لا تستنتج جودة التجميع من وصف complete.","id":"502091"},{"name":"Calotropis procera","kind":"barcode_study","level":"إعادة تحليل باركود في دراسة منشورة","original":"Calotropis procera","markers":"rbcL","accessions":"KX282632, KX282630, KX282631, MH598873","country":"KU, SA","saudi":"غير مؤكد؛ راجع المصدر","publication":"Evaluation of Arabian Vascular Plant Barcodes (rbcL and matK): Precision of Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods towards Accurate Identification. Plants 2021, 10, 2741.","reference":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122741 ; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12190965","note":"Passed فقط؛ البلد نقل من بيانات الدراسة. الرمز SA لا يثبت وحده موقع الجمع حتى يراجع سجل العينة.","id":"502091"},{"name":"Calotropis procera","kind":"barcode_study","level":"إعادة تحليل باركود في دراسة منشورة","original":"Calotropis procera","markers":"rbcl","accessions":"KX015739","country":"UAE","saudi":"غير مؤكد؛ راجع المصدر","publication":"Evaluation of Arabian Vascular Plant Barcodes (rbcL and matK): Precision of Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods towards Accurate Identification. Plants 2021, 10, 2741.","reference":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122741 ; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12190965","note":"Passed فقط؛ البلد نقل من بيانات الدراسة. الرمز SA لا يثبت وحده موقع الجمع حتى يراجع سجل العينة.","id":"502091"},{"name":"Calotropis procera","kind":"barcode_study","level":"إعادة تحليل باركود في دراسة منشورة","original":"Calotropis procera","markers":"matK","accessions":"MK125101","country":"SA","saudi":"غير مؤكد؛ راجع المصدر","publication":"Evaluation of Arabian Vascular Plant Barcodes (rbcL and matK): Precision of Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods towards Accurate Identification. Plants 2021, 10, 2741.","reference":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122741 ; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12190965","note":"Passed فقط؛ البلد نقل من بيانات الدراسة. الرمز SA لا يثبت وحده موقع الجمع حتى يراجع سجل العينة.","id":"502091"},{"name":"Calotropis procera","kind":"plastome","level":"سجل GenBank؛ النشر غير مثبت من المرجع المراجع","original":"Calotropis procera","markers":"بلاستيد كامل","accessions":"NC_041440.1","country":"","saudi":"غير مؤكد؛ راجع المصدر","publication":"","reference":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_041440.1","note":"السجل الممثل واحد من 3 سجلًا؛ أعداد السجلات قد تشمل RefSeq والإيداع الأصلي لنفس التسلسل. لا تستنتج جودة التجميع من وصف complete.","id":"502091"}],"landscapeManual":true,"ornamentalEvidenceStatus":"landscape_manual_only","ornamentalBookPages":[81],"ornamentalCatalogue":true,"commonNames":{"ar":"العشر","en":"Sodom apple","source":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","provenance":"source_reported_common_name"}},"profile":{"genus":"Calotropis","rank":"Species","geo":"Macaronesia, N. & Trop. Africa to Indo-China","lifeform":"shrub or tree","climate":"desert or dry shrubland","source":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1004515-2","commonName":{"ar":"العشر","en":"Sodom apple"},"description":{"ar":"شجيرة ذات أوراق عريضة ثخينة، وأزهار شمعية خماسية، وثمار منتفخة تنفتح عن بذور تحمل خصلًا حريرية.","en":"A shrub with broad thick leaves, waxy five-parted flowers and inflated fruits opening to release seeds with silky tufts."},"descriptionSource":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","nameSource":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","lineage":[{"rank":"kingdom","name":"Plantae"},{"rank":"phylum","name":"Tracheophyta"},{"rank":"class","name":"Magnoliopsida"},{"rank":"order","name":"Gentianales"},{"rank":"family","name":"Apocynaceae"},{"rank":"genus","name":"Calotropis"}],"taxonomyAuthority":"GBIF-family","taxonomySource":"https://www.gbif.org/species/6701","taxonomyRetrieved":"2026-11-06","sourceCandidates":[{"url":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","title":"العشر (الأشخر) / Calotropis procera","sourceName":"Calotropis procera","match":"accepted_name_exact"}],"localSourceStatus":"readable_description","descriptionStatus":"source_based_desk_summary","encyclopediaSource":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_procera","encyclopediaStatus":"exact_name_in_intro_secondary_source","sourceTraits":{"leafShape":{"ar":"بيضوية","en":"oval"},"habitat":{"ar":"أودية، جبلية، ساحلية، حقول، قرب المباني","en":"wadis, mountains, coastal sites, fields, near buildings"},"flowerColour":{"ar":"بنفسجي","en":"violet"},"flowerForm":{"ar":"عنقودية","en":"racemose"},"fruitForm":{"ar":"بيضوية","en":"ovoid"}},"traitsSource":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","traitsMode":"automated_text_index_pending_review","localSourceTitle":"العشر (الأشخر) / Calotropis procera","localDescriptionSource":"https://www.ksanature.com/plants/calotropis_procera/","ornamentalReferences":[{"bookId":"riyadh_ar","pdfPage":81,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","cultivationTextCandidate":false,"scope":"landscape_manual_reference","nameCorrection":null,"nameMatch":"accepted_name"}],"bookTraitsReview":"automated_lexical_index_pending_specialist","bookTraits":{"habit":{"ar":"شجيرة، شجرة","en":"shrub, tree"},"leafShape":{"ar":"قلبية، مستديرة","en":"cordate, rounded"}},"bookTraitsReference":{"bookId":"aqiq_valley","pdfPage":78,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","textMethod":"ocr_labelled_primary_name"}},"bookReferences":[{"bookId":"collenette_illustrated","pdfPage":12,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"index_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"An Illustrated Guide to the Flowers of Saudi Arabia","author":"Sheila Collenette","year":"1985","role":"illustrated_flora","pdfPages":524,"yearVerification":"Verified against the colophon on PDF page 8"}},{"bookId":"collenette_illustrated","pdfPage":57,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"text_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"An Illustrated Guide to the Flowers of Saudi Arabia","author":"Sheila Collenette","year":"1985","role":"illustrated_flora","pdfPages":524,"yearVerification":"Verified against the colophon on PDF page 8"}},{"bookId":"collenette_illustrated","pdfPage":57,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"description_candidate","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"An Illustrated Guide to the Flowers of Saudi Arabia","author":"Sheila Collenette","year":"1985","role":"illustrated_flora","pdfPages":524,"yearVerification":"Verified against the colophon on PDF page 8"}},{"bookId":"collenette_illustrated","pdfPage":514,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"index_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"An Illustrated Guide to the Flowers of Saudi Arabia","author":"Sheila Collenette","year":"1985","role":"illustrated_flora","pdfPages":524,"yearVerification":"Verified against the colophon on PDF page 8"}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":95,"nameInSource":"C. procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"kew_linked_name","evidenceType":"description_candidate","textMethod":"native","expandedName":"Calotropis procera","matchMethod":"abbreviation_in_document_genus_context","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":97,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"text_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":98,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"text_mention","textMethod":"ocr","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":99,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"text_mention","textMethod":"ocr","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":276,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"index_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"migahid_ii","pdfPage":280,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"index_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia, 3rd edition, Volume II: Dicotyledons, Leguminosae to Compositae","author":"Ahmad Mohammad Migahid","year":"1989","role":"taxonomic_flora","pdfPages":296}},{"bookId":"weeds_1987","pdfPage":17,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"text_mention","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula","author":"Shaukat Ali Chaudhary and Muhammad Akram","year":"1987","role":"weed_flora","pdfPages":324}},{"bookId":"weeds_1987","pdfPage":56,"nameInSource":"CALOTROPIS PROCERA","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"description_candidate","textMethod":"native","book":{"title":"Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula","author":"Shaukat Ali Chaudhary and Muhammad Akram","year":"1987","role":"weed_flora","pdfPages":324}},{"bookId":"weeds_1987","pdfPage":56,"nameInSource":"CALOTROPIS PrOCErA","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"description_candidate","textMethod":"ocr","book":{"title":"Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula","author":"Shaukat Ali Chaudhary and Muhammad Akram","year":"1987","role":"weed_flora","pdfPages":324}},{"bookId":"aqiq_valley","pdfPage":78,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","nameMatch":"accepted_name","evidenceType":"descriptive_book_entry","textMethod":"ocr_labelled_primary_name","book":{"title":"النباتات البرية في وادي العقيق، الوادي المبارك – المدينة المنورة","author":"هيئة تطوير منطقة المدينة المنورة","year":"1441 هـ / 2020 م","role":"regional_reference","pdfPages":408}},{"bookId":"riyadh_ar","pdfPage":81,"nameInSource":"Calotropis procera","nameCorrection":null,"nameMatch":"accepted_name","acceptedName":"Calotropis procera","evidenceType":"landscape_manual_entry","textMethod":"native_verified_footer","book":{"title":"دليل النباتات بمنطقة الرياض","author":"الهيئة العليا لتطوير مدينة الرياض","year":"1435 هـ","role":"landscape_plant_manual","pdfPages":482}}],"citation":"Saudi Flora & Genomes (2026). Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton. WCVP 502091. https://saudifloragenomes.org/plant/502091/ (Accessed: 2026-11-07).","licensing":{"identifier":"CC-BY-4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","scope":"Original project summaries and data arrangement only","thirdPartyContent":"Third-party source data, text and images retain their respective licences. Consult the references for each record.","attribution":"Saudi Flora & Genomes"},"url":"https://saudifloragenomes.org/plant/502091/","exported":"2026-11-07"}